Known as Le Plaine (‘The Plain’) or Le Marais (‘The Marsh’ or ‘The Swamp’), this mass of deputies occupied the floor space and lower benches of the Convention. While these groups lacked the organisation and discipline of political parties, they were unified enough to vote in blocs and spend months disagreeing over policy. They distrusted the radicalism of Paris and believed the sections, the Commune and the em>sans culottes exerted too much political influence. Les journées insurrectionnelles du 31 mai et du 2 juin aboutissent à l'arrestation de 29 députés, chefs des Girondins, sur décision de la Convention. En mars et avril 1793, contre l'avis des Girondins et sous la pression des Montagnards, la Convention vote des mesures exceptionnelles : réorganisation du tribunal révolutionnaire, création de comités de surveillance et du comité de Salut public, cours forcé de la monnaie, maximum des prix sur les grains, emprunt forcé d'un milliard sur les riches. les Girondins désignent un groupe parlementaire ainsi appelé parce que plusieurs de ses membres sont originaires du département de la Gironde. Of those who remained, few would survive the Reign of Terror. The Legislative Assembly was a period of gestation. Prominent Girondins shared the benches in the Legislative Assembly and National Convention, then met regularly at Roland’s home to discuss politics and strategy. Of the 24 Parisian deputies in the National Convention, 21 sat with the Montagnard faction. Having picked a fight with Parisian radicals, the Girondins now faced even greater opposition. It contains 231,430 words in 354 pages and was updated on September 8th 2020. Most Girondins were arrested or forced into exile. Les Girondins pensent que la guerre permettra aussi d'écraser les ennemis intérieurs de la Révolution. Ils attaquent alors les chefs Montagnards, tous élus de Paris : Marat et Robespierre sont accusés sans succès de dictature et Danton est accusé d'avoir détourné une partie des fonds du ministère de la Justice. Leadership and policy-making were provided by a clique of prominent deputies dubbed the ‘inner sixty’. By late 1792, the Girondins were perceived as intellectual, measured, cautious and faithful to the revolution. Copyright: The content on this page may not be republished without our express permission. Dans les départements les administrations souvent aux mains de sympathisants Girondins s'opposent aux décisions de la Convention. In April 1793 the Girondins fought back against Parisian radicalism, orchestrating the arrest of Jean-Paul Marat, a provocative street journalist turned Montagnard deputy. When the Convention president sent a message of protest against this intimidation, National Guard commander François Hanriot replied “Tell your f–king president that he and his Convention can go f–k themselves. High profile Girondins included economist and businessman Jean-Marie Roland and his salonnière wife Madame Roland, noted politician and philosopher the Marquis de Condorcet, future Paris mayor Jérôme Pétion, radical journalist Nicolas de Bonneville and the powerful orator Pierre Vergniaud. Montagnards et Girondins sont désormais adversaires. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Les personnalités les plus influentes sont Brissot, Vergniaud, Isnard. Les Girondins se déchaînent contre le roi et font proclamer la « Patrie en danger » (11 juillet), mais parallèlement ils tentent de négocier avec le roi leur retour au pouvoir. They were moderate Republicans who supported a revolutionary war and believed the revolution should involve the whole nation, not just Paris. Surtout élus par les républicains de province, ils ne veulent pas que les parisiens dictent la politique de la France. Bertrand Barère asked the Girondin deputies to prevent trouble by voluntarily resigning. Le mode de scrutin censitaire auquel ils doivent leur élection font d'eux les représentants politiques de la grande bourgeoisie d'affaires en particulier celle des ports comme Bordeaux, Nantes et Marseille. Authors: Jennifer Llewellyn, Steve Thompson Similar alignments continued in the Legislative Assembly (October 1791-September 1792). As the revolution progressed and radicalised in 1793, many Plain deputies began to vote with the Montagnards. Élus à l'assemblée législative pendant l'été 1791, les députés Girondins ont fait leurs apprentissages politiques dans les nouvelles administrations communales et départementales. Le nom donné à leur groupe politique est la Gironde car les principaux chefs sont des élus du département de la Gironde. French Revolution memory quiz – events 1789-91, French Revolution memory quiz – events 1792-95, French Revolution memory quiz – events to 1788, French Revolution memory quiz – terms (I), French Revolution memory quiz – terms (II), French Revolution memory quiz – terms (III). The Plain enjoyed an absolute majority in the Convention, boasting 389 of its 749 deputies in 1792. On May 28th, a gathering of around 500 Parisian officials received several petitions and speeches, calling for an insurrection until the National Convention was purged of Girondins. The Girondins grew in number within the Assembly and attracted many supporters outside it. Les Girondins non arrêtés vont soulever contre la Convention les départements où ils sont influents : c'est le soulèvement fédéraliste. Brissot was a popular figure and a number of like-minded deputies gravitated toward him. Calls emerged to remove Girondin deputies from the National Convention. In January 1793, the National Convention found the king guilty and voted for his execution. They dominated the Convention in turn, often in dispute with each other, until the Girondins were expelled and arrested in mid-1793. Most significantly, the Girondins wanted a national government chosen by all citizens and representative of all citizens – not just the people of Paris. Dernière modification de cette page le 4 février 2020 à 19:11. Among the Montagnards and the Jacobins, the Girondin appel au peuple was denounced as a royalist plot to save the king’s life. Madame Roland, qui tient un salon, joue le rôle d'inspiratrice. This drew supportive speeches from Montagnard deputies but little else. Issus de la moyenne bourgeoisie, ils se recrutent parmi les journalistes, les nouvellistes, les avocats, les professeurs. A historian’s view: Autour de Brissot, député de Paris, de Condorcet, des avocats Vergniaud, Guadet, Gensonné, etc., députés de Bordeaux, l'aile gauche de l'Assemblée législative rassemble les « brissotins », qu'on appellera « Girondins » au milieu du xixe siècle, en particulier sous l'influence de Lamartine. The Girondin faction had led the revolution since late 1791. 2. Citation information Girondin - a member of the moderate republican party that was in power during the French Revolution; the Girondists were overthrown by their more... Girondin - definition of Girondin by The Free Dictionary ... to put himself forward as a leader of the moderate Girondins. Embryos of the two ‘parties’ formed in late 1791 and early 1792, in debates over peace or war, and were born after painful labour during the seven weeks following August 10th 1792. Their leaders included radicals like Robespierre, Marat, Couthon and Barère. This motion was defeated in the Convention, which helped undermine Girondin authority. The composition of its replacement, the National Convention, revealed distinct groupings called the Girondins and the Montagnards. Noun 1. La guerre doit aussi permettre aux industriels, banquiers et négociants de réaliser des bénéfices considérables grâce à la fourniture de matériel à l'armée française. L'armée française ne parvient pas à empêcher l'invasion du territoire. The Girondins began as followers of the Jacobin orator Jacques Brissot. The conflict between the Girondins and Montagnards came to a head in the spring of 1793. Politically, the Girondins were moderate Republicans. The Girondins and the Montagnards were political factions that took shape in the National Convention in 1792-93. Pendant la révolution française de 1789, les Girondins sont des hommes politiques républicains qui ont siégé à l'Assemblée législative et à la Convention en 1792 et 1793. Date accessed: September 08, 2020 Three days later, on the afternoon of May 31st, a number of protesters entered the Convention building and made demands of a similar nature. Les Girondins sont partisans de la guerre contre les ennemis de la Révolution. This French Revolution site contains articles, sources and perspectives on events in France between 1781 and 1795. This bickering came to a head in early June 1793 when the Montagnards, under pressure from the National Guard and the sans-culottes of Paris, expelled Girondin deputies from the Convention. Their faction became known as the Brissotins or Girondins (so named because many members were from Bordeaux in the Girdone département). Montagnard radicals began to mount the tribune and argue for the expulsion of the Girondin deputies. Le mode de scrutin censitaire auquel ils doivent leur élection font d'eux les représentants politiques de la grande bourgeoisie d'affaires en particulier celle des ports comme Bordeaux, Nantes et Marseille. This site is created and maintained by Alpha History. 5. If within one hour the 22 [Girondinist deputies] are not delivered, we will blow them all up.”. Unlike the Girondins, who enjoyed considerable support in the provinces, the Montagnards drew much of their support from Paris. Leur hostilité pour les chefs Montagnards est violente. The Montagnards also had the support of the Paris sections (electoral district assemblies) but their reliance on the sections meant they had to cosy up to radical agitators. Many Girondin deputies, fearing the king had been judged by Paris rather than the nation as a whole, sought an appel au peuple (‘appeal to the people’) – in effect, a referendum on whether the king should die. Title: “Girondins and Montagnards” Le roi s'y oppose et le 13 juin renvoie les ministres Girondins. Les mesures militaires qu'ils prennent pour faire face à l'invasion du territoire déclenchent le soulèvement vendéen. Sur chaque point ils sont nettement mis en minorité dans la Convention. After a brief investigation, the Commission ordered the arrest of several more radicals, including Jacques Hébert. Now, it had been declared an enemy of the revolution. The National Guard was not holding the assembly to ransom, Couthon argued; they were its friends and wanted the Convention to choose wisely. Puis en mars 1793, la France annexe ces territoires. URL: https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/girondins-and-montagnards/ Tout en étant partisans de la liberté politique ils défendent la liberté économique et la propriété privée. Finally, after a standoff and debates lasting several hours, the Convention voted to expel the Girondins. Grâce à l'appui des députés centristes, les Girondins la dirigent. Les souverains européens se coalisent alors contre la France révolutionnaire. L'insurrection parisienne du 10 août 1792 ruine leurs espoirs. En Belgique, dans la rive gauche allemande du Rhin, en Savoie, à Nice conquises par les armées françaises la Convention impose des mesures destinées à financer la guerre, mesures qui sont mal accueillies par les populations. Par Vikidia, l’encyclopédie pour les jeunes, qui explique aux enfants et à ceux qui veulent une présentation simple d'un sujet. Ennemis dont l'action entretient un climat défavorable à la bonne marche des affaires. 4. On June 2nd, around 20,000 Parisians and a contingent of radical National Guardsmen gathered outside the Convention and demanded the expulsion of its Girondinist members. At their peak, the Girondins had about 200 deputies in the National Convention. En mars 1792, le roi nomme un nouveau ministère dominé par les Girondins. The Commune, the Paris sections, the Jacobin club and the sans culottes all denounced the Girondins as Royalists and Federalists (all terms that were, by this stage, anti-revolutionary slurs). Issus de la moyenne bourgeoisie, ils se recrutent parmi les journalistes, les nouvellistes, les avocats, les professeurs. Élus à l'assemblée législative pendant l'été 1791, les députés Girondins ont fait leurs apprentissages politiques dans les nouvelles administrations communales et départementales. The prominent Girondin Maximin Isnard refused to do so, declaring that he represented the people of his département and would resign only on their instruction. La journée insurrectionnelle parisienne du 20 juin ne parvient pas à le faire changer d'avis. Les députés Girondins sont éliminés de la Convention après les journées insurrectionnelles du 31 mai et du 2 juin 1793. En mai, pour faire face, les Girondins décident de pourchasser les prêtres réfractaires, de priver le roi de sa garde et de convoquer 20 000 gardes-nationaux à Paris. Puis ils demandent que l'on consulte le peuple sur la tenue d'un tel procès. For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use. Le 20 septembre, l'armée française est victorieuse des austro-prussiens à Valmy. Tout en étan… Ces mesures doivent mobiliser les Sans-culottes pour défendre la République menacée. Curieusement le roi est aussi favorable à la guerre. They initiated a revolutionary war in April 1792, hoping to pre-empt foreign aggression, win public support, militarise the revolution and export it beyond the walls of Paris. Il souhaite que l'armée française y soit vaincue, et que les vainqueurs, les souverains étrangers, rétablissent l'absolutisme en France. By the spring of 1793, this had developed into a factional war, the Girondins initiating action against radical agitators in Paris. In early June 1793, the Montagnards emerged victorious after the Convention, surrounded by hostile soldiers and sans culottes, was intimidated into expelling its Girondinist deputies. Others fled Paris to the provinces, where they tried to mobilise opposition against the Montagnard-dominated Convention. This made speech-making a critical skill in the National Convention. La guerre civile s'ajoute à la guerre étrangère. Publisher: Alpha History Ils s'appuient plus sur les administrations départementales et sur les milieux d'affaires que sur le peuple révolutionnaire de Paris, dont ils désappr… Some of the Girondin deputies were detained under house arrest. Les Girondins s'y opposent immédiatement. Le 20 avril 1792 la France déclare la guerre à l'Autriche que la Prusse rejoint rapidement. Ils désirent que les souverains étrangers répriment les prêtres français et les nobles français émigrés qui se sont réfugiés dans leurs états pour préparer une intervention contre la France. Michael Kennedy. Après la victoire de Valmy, la Convention, sur proposition des Girondins, décide d'accorder la protection et l'aide de la France à tous les peuples opprimés par leurs souverains. Surrounded and intimidated, the Convention dithered about what to do. Hors l'Assemblée et les Jacobins, les salons de Mmes Rolandet Dodun les accueillent. The Montagnards, in contrast, were more influenced by the people of Paris, particularly the sections and the sans culottes. Enfin ils espèrent que la guerre va obliger le roi Louis XVI à choisir son camp et à se démasquer. Date published: August 13, 2020 This diversity was evident in the revolution’s first legislature, the National Constituent Assembly, where most radical deputies sat to the left of the president’s chair and moderate and conservative deputies sat to the right (a practice that gave rise to the modern terms “left-wing” and “right-wing”). Jusqu'au 11 décembre, les Girondins tentent de retarder le procès du roi devant la Convention. Le roi est suspendu de ses fonctions, une nouvelle assemblée, qui doit être élue au suffrage universel, est convoquée pour la mi-septembre. The Girondin faction took shape in the Legislative Assembly in the second half of 1791. Jean-Paul Marat called for the Girondins to be arrested and detained. It was then the Montagnards took control of the Paris Commune and Jacobins. The catalyst for this was the trial of Louis XVI. Their ideal society was free, capitalist and meritocratic with personal liberty protected by the rule of law. La politique d'expansion territoriale qu'ils favorisent après la victoire de Valmy provoque l'hostilité de tous les souverains européens. For more info, visit our FAQ page or Terms of Use. The Montagnards, in contrast, were not clearly recognisable as a faction until the National Convention. Les Girondins et les Montagnards désignaient tous deux des groupes parlementaires pendant la Révolution française mais ils s'opposaient de par leurs positions politiques. The terms Montagnards (‘mountain people’) or La Montagne (‘The Mountain’) were first used during sessions of the Legislative Assembly – but neither term was in common use until 1793. The Montagnards referred to those who occupied the higher benches in both the Jacobin club and the national legislature. Les Girondins ont poussé à la déclaration de guerre en avril 1792. The Girondins and Montagnards were two political factions that emerged during the Legislative Assembly and later dominated the National Convention. The best way to win the support of the Plain was with convincing oratory. The National Convention also contained a third grouping. “In the [National] Constituent Assembly, Girondins and Montagnards were indistinguishable. Enfin, la plupart d'entre eux votent contre l'exécution de Louis XVI. La Commune de Paris, gouvernement insurrectionnel dominé par les Montagnards, apparait. It formed around the figure of Jacques-Pierre Brissot, a Republican lawyer and influential speaker in the Jacobin club. Début avril 1793, le général Dumouriez, un Girondin, commandant l'armée du Nord trahit et passe à l'ennemi. Those who sat on these high benches were generally more radical in their ideology and their policies, while those who sat further down were usually more moderate. 1. « Girondins (Révolution française) » expliqué aux enfants par Vikidia, l’encyclopédie junior, journée insurrectionnelle parisienne du 20 juin, Arrestation des Girondins à la Convention Nationale le 2 Juin 1793, https://fr.vikidia.org/w/index.php?title=Girondins_(Révolution_française)&oldid=1351113, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0. By late 1792, the Girondins were perceived as intellectual, measured, cautious and faithful to the revolution. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Unlike the Montagnards and Girondinists, however, the Plain was filled with shiftless and uncommitted voters; its deputies were not wedded to a particular ideology or outlook. la Girondins Ils sont membres d'un groupe politique révolutionnaire né en France 1 Octobre 1791, participer avec leurs députés à 'Assemblée législative et Convention nationale au cours de la Révolution française.. Les Girondins, du ministère de la Gironde, sont en grande partie bourgeoisie Provincial des principaux ports côtiers. According to Brissot, these groups were “disorganisers who want everything levelled”. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Girondin, But I excuse it, it is impossible to expect the son of a, "'Tis true, madame," answered he, "that my father was a, "True," replied the marquise, without wincing in the slightest degree at the tragic remembrance thus called up; "but bear in mind, if you please, that our respective parents underwent persecution and proscription from diametrically opposite principles; in proof of which I may remark, that while my family remained among the stanchest adherents of the exiled princes, your father lost no time in joining the new government; and that while the Citizen Noirtier was a, "Do you know, my dear Villefort," cried the Comte de Salvieux, "that is exactly what I myself said the other day at the Tuileries, when questioned by his majesty's principal chamberlain touching the singularity of an alliance between the son of a, When the Revolution past into the period of violent bloodshed he determined, with more enthusiasm than judgment, to put himself forward as a leader of the moderate, Built between 1894 and 1902 in memory of the, And what are we to do with statements such as this one, from, Manon was arrested at the same time as the, Dans un premier temps pour recadrer ses joueurs suite au revers, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, PORT AND WINE AT HEART OF CITY; THIS HISTORIC FRENCH HARBOUR ON THE RIVER GARONNE IS IN HEART OF WORLD'S SECOND BIGGEST WINE REGION, The Myth of the French Bourgeoisie: An Essay on the Social Imaginary, 1750-1850, Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzuoli Parmigianino, Girolamo Hieronymus ab Aquapendente Fabricius, Girona International Summer School in Linguistics. The Girondins and Montagnards frequently differed and bickered over policy. La décision de la Convention de faire une « levée » de 300 000 hommes provoque alors le soulèvement des paysans vendéens. France’s revolutionary politicians held different views on ideology, class, economics, provincial issues and other issues. L'agitation grandit dans le pays. Au début du printemps 1793, les armées françaises doivent abandonner leurs conquêtes et la France est de nouveau envahie. Ils seront exécutés. Les Girondins, partisans de la liberté politique et économique refusent de prendre les mesures énergiques qui leur permettraient d'avoir l'appui des sans-culottes afin de vaincre les ennemis de la république. 3. In late October 1793, Brissot and 21 of his Girondin followers were tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal and guillotined. The following month, Girondin leaders established the Commission of Twelve, a special committee tasked with investigating members of the Paris Commune and their alleged attempts to undermine the National Convention. Because of this, no legislation or resolution could pass the Convention without the support of deputies from the Plain. Montagnards dominated the delegation elected by Paris to the Convention.” The Plain was generally moderate in the first months of the Convention, siding with the Girondins on most issues. They initiated a revolutionary war in April 1792, hoping to pre-empt foreign aggression, win public support, militarise the revolution and export it beyond the walls of Paris. Politically, the Girondins were moderate Republicans. Les Montagnards décident alors de se débarrasser des Girondins en faisant intervenir les Sans-culottes parisiens.